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А.Y. Usikov Institute of Radiophysics and Electronics NAS Ukraine
The А.Y.Usikov Institute of Radiophysics and Electronics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (IRE NASU) was established in 1955 on the basis of the former Departments of Electromagnetic Oscillations and Radio Wave Propagation of the Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology of NASU. The main objective of the newly founded Institute was research and development in the wide frequency range of electromagnetic wave spectrum, with а special emphasis on the millimeter (mm) and sub-millimeter (sub-mm) waves. Since its establishment, the Institute has gained а status of а widely-known scientific center, whose achievements determine the level of the national science in radiophysics, vacuum electronics, quasi-optics, optoelectronics, microwave studies in solid-state physics and biophysics, radiowave propagation, remote sensing of Earth from airborne and space-borne platforms, etc.
The most significant achievements of IRE NASU are listed below:
1) fundamental theoretical and experimental analysis of the phenomena of electromagnetic wave generation has been carried out; a series of new radiation sources of millimeter and sub-millimeter wavebands have been developed, with wide potentialities in radar, communication systems, and defense applications;
2) pulse-mode magnetrons have been designed, as well as continuous-mode magnetrons, klynotrons and reflection klystrons covering the wavelength range from 0.5 mm to 2 cm;
3) new sources of coherent radiation of the mm and sub-mm ranges have been designed: orotrons (diffraction radiation sources) of pulsed and continuous modes having champion parameters in terms of high stability, narrow spectrum, low noise and high power ;
4) high-efficient sources of far-infrared and optical band have been developed: dye lasers with a tunable frequency of induced emission;
5) full sets of the waveguide measuring devices (within the range from 1 mm to 10 mm), a set of quasi-optical wide-range measuring devices and components for measurements within the wavelength range from 0.1 mm to 1 mm have been developed ;
6) quasi-optical single- and multibeam interferometers-polarimeters of the sub-mm range have been developed for the hot plasma diagnostics in large Tokamak fusion machines;
7) an one-of-a-kind experimental research setup has been designed for studying the non- linear processes in nuclear systems by using the methods of electron-spin and nuclear- paramagnetic resonance;
8) computationally efficient and mathematically correct methods of solving boundary-value problems of electromagnetic wave diffraction by periodical and open structures of various geometries have been developed;
9) advanced methods of mathematical modeling of the problems of analysis and synthesis of complicated electromagnetic systems have been suggested.
The results of the studies were published in 24 monographs and awarded а Lenin Prize (1960), National Prizes of Ukraine (1972, 1974, 1981, 1989), а State Prize of the USSR (1987), а Prize of USSR Council of Ministers (1990), and an IEEE Microwave Pioneer Award (2000).
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